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Year created | 2000 |
---|---|
Created by | Serial ATA Working Group |
Supersedes | Parallel ATA (PATA) |
Speed | 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 and 16 Gbit/s |
Style | Serial |
Hotplugging interface | Yes[1] |
External interface | Optional (eSATA) |
Serial ATA (SATA, abbreviated from Serial AT Attachment)[2] is a computer bus interface that connects host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives, optical drives, and solid-state drives. Serial ATA succeeded the earlier Parallel ATA (PATA) standard to become the predominant interface for storage devices.
Serial ATA industry compatibility specifications originate from the Serial ATA International Organization (SATA-IO) which are then promulgated by the INCITST13 subcommittee ATA Attachment
- 2Features
- 3Revisions
- 3.2SATA revision 2.0 (3 Gbit/s, 300 MB/s, Serial ATA-300)
- 3.3SATA revision 3.0 (6 Gbit/s, 600 MB/s, Serial ATA-600)
- 4Cables, connectors, and ports
- 4.2Power connectors
- 4.3eSATA
- 5Protocol
- 7Backward and forward compatibility
- 8Comparison to other interfaces
HP SNMP Agents for SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server 10 (AMD64/EM64T). The HP SNMP Agents. System Management. Version: 8.6.3 Mar 03 2011. HP 6-Port SATA RAID Controller Driver for Microsoft Windows Server 2003 x64 Editions. The IO Crest 2 Port SATA III 6Gbps PCI-Express x1 Card is the easiest way to update any computer with SATA ports. Once installed¸ this host card will add SATA ports with two independent channels.
History[edit]
SATA was announced in 2000[3] in order to provide several advantages over the earlier PATA interface such as reduced cable size and cost (seven conductors instead of 40 or 80), native hot swapping, faster data transfer through higher signaling rates, and more efficient transfer through an (optional) I/O queuing protocol.
Serial ATA industry compatibility specifications originate from the Serial ATA International Organization (SATA-IO). The SATA-IO group collaboratively creates, reviews, ratifies, and publishes the interoperability specifications, the test cases and plugfests. As with many other industry compatibility standards, the SATA content ownership is transferred to other industry bodies: primarily the INCITST13 subcommitteeAT Attachment, the INCITS T10 subcommittee (SCSI), a subgroup of T10 responsible for Serial Attached SCSI (SAS). The remainder of this article strives to use the SATA-IO terminology and specifications.
Before SATA's introduction in 2000, PATA was simply known as ATA. The 'AT Attachment' (ATA) name originated after the 1984 release of the IBM Personal Computer AT, more commonly known as the IBM AT.[4] The IBM AT’s controller interface became a de facto industry interface for the inclusion of hard disks. 'AT' was IBM's abbreviation for 'Advanced Technology'; thus, many companies and organizations indicate SATA is an abbreviation of 'Serial Advanced Technology Attachment'. However, the ATA specifications simply use the name 'AT Attachment', to avoid possible trademark issues with IBM.[5]
SATA host adapters and devices communicate via a high-speed serial cable over two pairs of conductors. In contrast, parallel ATA (the redesignation for the legacy ATA specifications) uses a 16-bit wide data bus with many additional support and control signals, all operating at a much lower frequency. To ensure backward compatibility with legacy ATA software and applications, SATA uses the same basic ATA and ATAPI command sets as legacy ATA devices.
SATA has replaced parallel ATA in consumer desktop and laptop computers; SATA's market share in the desktop PC market was 99% in 2008.[6] PATA has mostly been replaced by SATA for any use; with PATA in declining use in industrial and embedded applications that use CompactFlash (CF) storage, which was designed around the legacy PATA standard. A 2008 standard, CFast to replace CompactFlash is based on SATA.[7][8]
Features[edit]
SATA 6 Gbit/s controller, a PCI Express ×1 card with Marvell chipset
Hot plug[edit]
The Serial ATA Spec requires SATA device hot plugging; that is, devices that meet the specification are capable of insertion / removal of a device into / from a backplane connector (combined signal and power) that has power on. After insertion, the device initializes and then operates normally. Depending upon the operating system the host may also initialize resulting in a hot swap. The powered host or device are not necessarily in a quiescent state.
Unlike PATA, both SATA and eSATA support hotplugging by design. However, this feature requires proper support at the host, device (drive), and operating-system levels. In general, all SATA devices (drives) support hotplugging (due to the requirements on the device-side), also most SATA host adapters support this function.[1]
For eSATA function, Hot Plug function is supported in AHCI mode only. IDE mode does not support Hot Plug function.[9]
Advanced Host Controller Interface[edit]
Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI) is an open host controller interface published and used by Intel, which has become a de facto standard. It allows the use of advanced features of SATA such as hotplug and native command queuing (NCQ). If AHCI is not enabled by the motherboard and chipset, SATA controllers typically operate in 'IDE[a] emulation' mode, which does not allow access to device features not supported by the ATA (also called IDE) standard.
Windows device drivers that are labeled as SATA are often running in IDE emulation mode unless they explicitly state that they are AHCI mode, in RAID mode, or a mode provided by a proprietary driver and command set that allowed access to SATA's advanced features before AHCI became popular. Modern versions of Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, FreeBSD, Linux with version 2.6.19 onward,[10] as well as Solaris and OpenSolaris, include support for AHCI, but earlier operating systems such as Windows XP do not. Even in those instances, a proprietary driver may have been created for a specific chipset, such as Intel's.[11]
Revisions[edit]
SATA revisions are often designated with a dash followed by roman numerals, e.g. 'SATA-III',[12] to avoid confusion with the speed, which is always displayed in Arabic numerals, e.g. 'SATA 6 Gbit/s'.
SATA revision 1.0 (1.5 Gbit/s, 150 MB/s, Serial ATA-150)[edit]
Revision 1.0a[2] was released on January 7, 2003. First-generation SATA interfaces, now known as SATA 1.5 Gbit/s, communicate at a rate of 1.5 Gbit/s,[b] and do not support Native Command Queuing (NCQ). Taking 8b/10b encoding overhead into account, they have an actual uncoded transfer rate of 1.2 Gbit/s (150 MB/s). The theoretical burst throughput of SATA 1.5 Gbit/s is similar to that of PATA/133, but newer SATA devices offer enhancements such as NCQ, which improve performance in a multitasking environment.
During the initial period after SATA 1.5 Gbit/s finalization, adapter and drive manufacturers used a 'bridge chip' to convert existing PATA designs for use with the SATA interface. Bridged drives have a SATA connector, may include either or both kinds of power connectors, and, in general, perform identically to their native-SATA equivalents.[13] However, most bridged drives lack support for some SATA-specific features such as NCQ. Native SATA products quickly took over the bridged products with the introduction of the second generation of SATA drives.[citation needed]
As of April 2010, the fastest 10,000 rpm SATA hard disk drives could transfer data at maximum (not average) rates of up to 157 MB/s,[14] which is beyond the capabilities of the older PATA/133 specification and also exceeds the capabilities of SATA 1.5 Gbit/s.
SATA revision 2.0 (3 Gbit/s, 300 MB/s, Serial ATA-300)[edit]
SATA 2 connectors on a computer motherboard, all but two with cables plugged in. Note that there is no visible difference, other than the labeling, between SATA 1, SATA 2, and SATA 3 cables and connectors.
SATA revision 2.0 was released in April 2004, introducing Native Command Queuing (NCQ). It is backward compatible with SATA 1.5 Gbit/s.[15]
Second-generation SATA interfaces run with a native transfer rate of 3.0 Gbit/s that, when accounted for the 8b/10b encoding scheme, equals to the maximum uncoded transfer rate of 2.4 Gbit/s (300 MB/s). The theoretical burst throughput of the SATA revision 2.0, which is also known as the SATA 3 Gbit/s, doubles the throughput of SATA revision 1.0.
All SATA data cables meeting the SATA spec are rated for 3.0 Gbit/s and handle modern mechanical drives without any loss of sustained and burst data transfer performance. However, high-performance flash-based drives can exceed the SATA 3 Gbit/s transfer rate; this is addressed with the SATA 6 Gbit/s interoperability standard.
SATA revision 2.5[edit]
Announced in August 2005, SATA revision 2.5 consolidated the specification to a single document.[16][17]
SATA revision 2.6[edit]
Announced in February 2007, SATA revision 2.6 introduced the following features:[18]
- Slimline connector.
- Micro connector (initially for 1.8” HDD).
- Mini Internal Multilane cable and connector.
- Mini External Multilane cable and connector.
- NCQ Priority.
- NCQ Unload.
- Enhancements to the BIST Activate FIS.
- Enhancements for robust reception of the Signature FIS.
SATA revision 3.0 (6 Gbit/s, 600 MB/s, Serial ATA-600)[edit]
Serial ATA International Organization (SATA-IO) presented the draft specification of SATA 6 Gbit/s physical layer in July 2008,[19] and ratified its physical layer specification on August 18, 2008.[20] The full 3.0 standard was released on May 27, 2009.[21]
Third-generation SATA interfaces run with a native transfer rate of 6.0 Gbit/s; taking 8b/10b encoding into account, the maximum uncoded transfer rate is 4.8 Gbit/s (600 MB/s). The theoretical burst throughput of SATA 6.0 Gbit/s is double that of SATA revision 2.0. It is backward compatible with SATA 3 Gbit/s and SATA 1.5 Gbit/s.[19]
The SATA 3.0 specification contains the following changes:
- 6 Gbit/s for scalable performance.
- Continued compatibility with SAS, including SAS 6 Gbit/s, as per 'a SAS domain may support attachment to and control of unmodified SATA devices connected directly into the SAS domain using the Serial ATA Tunneled Protocol (STP)' from the SATA Revision 3.0 Gold specification.
- Isochronous Native Command Queuing (NCQ) streaming command to enable isochronous quality of service data transfers for streaming digital content applications.
- An NCQ management feature that helps optimize performance by enabling host processing and management of outstanding NCQ commands.
- Improved power management capabilities.
- A small low insertion force (LIF) connector for more compact 1.8-inch storage devices.
- A 7 mm optical disk drive profile for the slimline SATA connector (in addition to the existing 12.7 mm and 9.5 mm profiles).
- Alignment with the INCITS ATA8-ACS standard.
In general, the enhancements are aimed at improving quality of service for video streaming and high-priority interrupts. In addition, the standard continues to support distances up to one meter. The newer speeds may require higher power consumption for supporting chips, though improved process technologies and power management techniques may mitigate this. The later specification can use existing SATA cables and connectors, though it was reported in 2008 that some OEMs were expected to upgrade host connectors for the higher speeds.[22]
SATA revision 3.1[edit]
Released in July 2011, SATA revision 3.1 introduced or changed the following features:[23][24]
- mSATA, SATA for solid-state drives in mobile computing devices, a PCI Express Mini Card-like connector that is electrically SATA.[25]
- Zero-power optical disk drive, idle SATA optical drive draws no power.
- Queued TRIM Command, improves solid-state drive performance.
- Required Link Power Management, reduces overall system power demand of several SATA devices.
- Hardware Control Features, enable host identification of device capabilities.
- Universal Storage Module (USM), a new standard for cableless plug-in (slot) powered storage for consumer electronics devices.[26][27]
SATA revision 3.2[edit]
Released in August 2013, SATA revision 3.2 introduced the following features:[28]
- The SATA Express specification defines an interface that combines both SATA and PCI Express buses, making it possible for both types of storage devices to coexist. By employing PCI Express, a much higher theoretical throughput of 1969 MB/s is possible.[29][30]
- The SATA M.2 standard is a small form factor implementation of the SATA Express interface, with the addition of an internal USB 3.0 port; see the M.2 (NGFF) section below for a more detailed summary.[31]
- microSSD introduces a ball grid array electrical interface for miniaturized, embedded SATA storage.[32]
- USM Slim reduces thickness of Universal Storage Module (USM) from 14.5 millimetres (0.57 inches) to 9 millimetres (0.35 inches).[33]
- DevSleep enables lower power consumption for always-on devices while they are in low-power modes such as InstantGo (which used to be known as Connected Standby).[34]
- Hybrid Information provides higher performance for solid-state hybrid drives.[35][36]
SATA revision 3.3[edit]
Released in February 2016, SATA revision 3.3 introduced the following features:[37][38]
- Shingled magnetic recording (SMR) support that provides a 25 percent or greater increase in hard disk drive capacity by overlapping tracks on the media.
- Power Disable feature allows for remote power cycling of SATA drives and a Rebuild Assist function that speeds up the rebuild process to help ease maintenance in the data center.
- Transmitter Emphasis Specification increases interoperability and reliability between host and devices in electrically demanding environments.
- An activity indicator and staggered spin-up can be controlled by the same pin, adding flexibility and providing users with more choices.
The new Power Disable feature (similar to the SAS Power Disable feature) uses Pin 3 of the SATA power connector. Some legacy power supplies that provide 3.3 V power on Pin 3 would force drives with Power Disable feature to get stuck in a hard reset condition preventing them from spinning up. The problem can usually be eliminated by using a simple “Molex to SATA” power adaptor to supply power to these drives.[39]
Cables, connectors, and ports[edit]
2.5-inch SATA drive on top of a 3.5-inch SATA drive, close-up of data and power connectors
Connectors and cables present the most visible differences between SATA and parallel ATA drives. Unlike PATA, the same connectors are used on 3.5-inch (89 mm) SATA hard disks (for desktop and server computers) and 2.5-inch (64 mm) disks (for portable or small computers).[40]
Standard SATA connectors for both data and power have a conductor pitch of 1.27 mm (0.050 inches). Low insertion force is required to mate a SATA connector. A smaller mini-SATA or mSATA connector is used by smaller devices such as 1.8-inch SATA drives, some DVD and Blu-ray drives, and mini SSDs.[41]
A special eSATA connector is specified for external devices, and an optionally implemented provision for clips to hold internal connectors firmly in place. SATA drives may be plugged into SAS controllers and communicate on the same physical cable as native SAS disks, but SATA controllers cannot handle SAS disks.
Female SATA ports (on motherboards for example) are for use with SATA data cables that have locks or clips to prevent accidental unplugging. Some SATA cables have right- or left-angled connectors to ease connection to circuit boards.
Data connector[edit]
Pin # | Mating | Function | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 1st | Ground | |
2 | 2nd | A+ (transmit) | |
3 | 2nd | A− (transmit) | |
4 | 1st | Ground | |
5 | 2nd | B− (receive) | |
6 | 2nd | B+ (receive) | |
7 | 1st | Ground | |
-- | Coding notch |
The SATA standard defines a data cable with seven conductors (three grounds and four active data lines in two pairs) and 8 mm wide wafer connectors on each end. SATA cables can have lengths up to 1 metre (3.3 ft), and connect one motherboard socket to one hard drive. PATA ribbon cables, in comparison, connect one motherboard socket to one or two hard drives, carry either 40 or 80 wires, and are limited to 45 centimetres (18 in) in length by the PATA specification; however, cables up to 90 centimetres (35 in) are readily available. Thus, SATA connectors and cables are easier to fit in closed spaces and reduce obstructions to air cooling. Although they are more susceptible to accidental unplugging and breakage than PATA, users can purchase cables that have a locking feature, whereby a small (usually metal) spring holds the plug in the socket.
SATA connectors may be straight, right-angled, or left angled. Angled connectors allow lower-profile connections. Right-angled (also called 90-degree) connectors lead the cable immediately away from the drive, on the circuit-board side. Left-angled (also called 270-degree) connectors lead the cable across the drive towards its top.
One of the problems associated with the transmission of data at high speed over electrical connections is described as noise, which is due to electrical coupling between data circuits and other circuits. As a result, the data circuits can both affect other circuits and be affected by them. Designers use a number of techniques to reduce the undesirable effects of such unintentional coupling. One such technique used in SATA links is differential signaling. This is an enhancement over PATA, which uses single-ended signaling. The use of fully shielded twin-ax conductors, with multiple ground connections, for each differential pair improves isolation between the channels and reduces the chances of lost data in difficult electrical environments.
- A seven-pin SATA data cable (left-angled version of the connector)
- SATA connector on a 3.5-inch hard drive, with data pins on the left and power pins on the right. The two different pin lengths ensure a specific mating order; the longer lengths are ground pins and make contact first.
- SATA 3.0 (6 Gbit/s) cable showing fully shielded twin-ax pairs
Power connectors[edit]
Standard connector[edit]
Pin # | Mating | Function | |
---|---|---|---|
-- | Coding notch | ||
1 | 3rd | 3.3 V Power | |
2 | 3rd | ||
3 | 2nd | Enter/exit Power Disable (PWDIS) mode (3.3 V Power, Pre-charge prior to SATA 3.3) | |
4 | 1st | Ground | |
5 | 2nd | ||
6 | 2nd | ||
7 | 2nd | 5 V Power, Pre-charge | |
8 | 3rd | 5 V Power | |
9 | 3rd | ||
10 | 2nd | Ground | |
11 | 3rd | Staggered spinup/activity | |
12 | 1st | Ground | |
13 | 2nd | 12 V Power, Pre-charge | |
14 | 3rd | 12 V Power | |
15 | 3rd |
A fifteen-pin SATA power connector (this particular connector is missing the orange 3.3 V wire)
SATA specifies a different power connector than the four-pin Molex connector used on Parallel ATA (PATA) devices (and earlier small storage devices, going back to ST-506 hard disk drives and even to floppy disk drives that predated the IBM PC). It is a wafer-type connector, like the SATA data connector, but much wider (fifteen pins versus seven) to avoid confusion between the two. Some early SATA drives included the four-pin Molex power connector together with the new fifteen-pin connector, but most SATA drives now have only the latter.
The new SATA power connector contains many more pins for several reasons:[43]
- 3.3 V is supplied along with the traditional 5 V and 12 V supplies. However, very few drives actually use it, so they may be powered from a four-pin Molex connector with an adapter.
- Pin 3 in SATA revision 3.3 has been redefined as PWDIS and is used to enter and exit the POWER DISABLE mode for compatibility with SAS specification. If Pin 3 is driven HIGH (2.1–3.6 V max), power to the drive circuitry is disabled. Drives with this feature do not power up in systems designed to SATA revision 3.1 or earlier. This is because Pin 3 driven HIGH prevents the drive from powering up.[39]
- To reduce impedance and increase current capability, each voltage is supplied by three pins in parallel, though one pin in each group is intended for precharging (see below). Each pin should be able to carry 1.5 A.
- Five parallel pins provide a low-impedance ground connection.
- Two ground pins and one pin for each supplied voltage support hot-plug precharging. Ground pins 4 and 12 in a hot-swap cable are the longest, so they make contact first when the connectors are mated. Drive power connector pins 3, 7, and 13 are longer than the others, so they make contact next. The drive uses them to charge its internal bypass capacitors through current-limiting resistances. Finally, the remaining power pins make contact, bypassing the resistances and providing a low-impedance source of each voltage. This two-step mating process avoids glitches to other loads and possible arcing or erosion of the SATA power-connector contacts.
- Pin 11 can function for staggered spinup, activity indication, both, or nothing. It is an open-collector signal, which may be pulled down by the connector or the drive. If pulled down at the connector (as it is on most cable-style SATA power connectors), the drive spins up as soon as power is applied. If left floating, the drive waits until it is spoken to. This prevents many drives from spinning up simultaneously, which might draw too much power. The pin is also pulled low by the drive to indicate drive activity. This may be used to give feedback to the user through an LED.
Passive adapters are available that convert a four-pin Molex connector to a SATA power connector, providing the 5 V and 12 V lines available on the Molex connector, but not 3.3 V. There are also four-pin Molex-to-SATA power adapters that include electronics to additionally provide the 3.3 V power supply.[44] However, most drives do not require the 3.3 V power line.[45]
Slimline connector[edit]
Pin # | Mating | Function | |
---|---|---|---|
-- | Coding notch | ||
1 | 3rd | Device presence | |
2 | 2nd | 5 V Power | |
3 | 2nd | ||
4 | 2nd | Manufacturing diagnostic | |
5 | 1st | Ground | |
6 | 1st |
SATA 2.6 is the first revision that defined the slimline connector, intended for smaller form-factors such as notebook optical drives. Pin 1 of the slimline power connector, denoting device presence, is shorter than the others to allow hot-swapping. The slimline signal connector is identical and compatible with the standard version, while the power connector is reduced to six pins so it supplies only +5 V, and not +12 V or +3.3 V.[18][46]
Sata Iii Controller Card
Low-cost adapters exist to convert from standard SATA to slimline SATA.
- A six-pin slimline SATA power connector
- The back of a SATA-based slimline optical drive
Micro connector[edit]
Pin # | Mating | Function | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 3rd | 3.3 V Power | |
2 | 2nd | ||
3 | 1st | Ground | |
4 | 1st | ||
5 | 2nd | 5 V Power | |
6 | 3rd | ||
7 | 3rd | Reserved | |
-- | Coding notch | ||
8 | 3rd | Vendor specific | |
9 | 2nd |
A 1.8-inch (46 mm) micro SATA hard drive with numbered data and power pins on the connector.
The micro SATA connector (sometimes called uSATA or μSATA[47]) originated with SATA 2.6, and is intended for 1.8-inch (46 mm) hard disk drives. There is also a micro data connector, similar in appearance but slightly thinner than the standard data connector.
eSATA[edit]
The official eSATA logo
SATA (left) and eSATA (right) connectors
eSATA ports
Standardized in 2004, eSATA (e standing for external) provides a variant of SATA meant for external connectivity. It uses a more robust connector, longer shielded cables, and stricter (but backward-compatible) electrical standards. The protocol and logical signaling (link/transport layers and above) are identical to internal SATA. The differences are:
- Minimum transmit amplitude increased: Range is 500–600 mV instead of 400–600 mV.
- Minimum receive amplitude decreased: Range is 240–600 mV instead of 325–600 mV.
- Maximum cable length increased to 2 metres (6.6 ft) from 1 metre (3.3 ft).
- The eSATA cable and connector is similar to the SATA 1.0a cable and connector, with these exceptions:
- The eSATA connector is mechanically different to prevent unshielded internal cables from being used externally. The eSATA connector discards the 'L'-shaped key and changes the position and size of the guides.
- The eSATA insertion depth is deeper: 6.6 mm instead of 5 mm. The contact positions are also changed.
- The eSATA cable has an extra shield to reduce EMI to FCC and CE requirements. Internal cables do not need the extra shield to satisfy EMI requirements because they are inside a shielded case.
- The eSATA connector uses metal springs for shield contact and mechanical retention.
- The eSATA connector has a design-life of 5,000 matings; the ordinary SATA connector is only specified for 50.
Aimed at the consumer market, eSATA enters an external storage market served also by the USB and FireWire interfaces. The SATA interface has certain advantages. Most external hard-disk-drive cases with FireWire or USB interfaces use either PATA or SATA drives and 'bridges' to translate between the drives' interfaces and the enclosures' external ports; this bridging incurs some inefficiency. Some single disks can transfer 157 MB/s during real use,[14] about four times the maximum transfer rate of USB 2.0 or FireWire 400 (IEEE 1394a) and almost twice as fast as the maximum transfer rate of FireWire 800. The S3200 FireWire 1394b specification reaches around 400 MB/s (3.2 Gbit/s), and USB 3.0 has a nominal speed of 5 Gbit/s. Some low-level drive features, such as S.M.A.R.T., may not operate through some USB[48] or FireWire or USB+FireWire bridges; eSATA does not suffer from these issues provided that the controller manufacturer (and its drivers) presents eSATA drives as ATA devices, rather than as SCSI devices, as has been common with Silicon Image, JMicron, and NVIDIA nForce drivers for Windows Vista. In those cases SATA drives do not have low-level features accessible.
The eSATA version of SATA 6G operates at 6.0 Gbit/s (the term 'SATA III' is avoided by the SATA-IO organization to prevent confusion with SATA II 3.0 Gbit/s, which was colloquially referred to as 'SATA 3G' [bit/s] or 'SATA 300' [MB/s] since the 1.5 Gbit/s SATA I and 1.5 Gbit/s SATA II were referred to as both 'SATA 1.5G' [bit/s] or 'SATA 150' [MB/s]). Therefore, eSATA connections operate with negligible differences between them.[49] Once an interface can transfer data as fast as a drive can handle them, increasing the interface speed does not improve data transfer.
There are some disadvantages, however, to the eSATA interface:
- Devices built before the eSATA interface became popular lack external SATA connectors.
- For small form-factor devices (such as external 2.5-inch (64 mm) disks), a PC-hosted USB or FireWire link can usually supply sufficient power to operate the device. However, eSATA connectors cannot supply power, and require a power supply for the external device. The related eSATAp (but mechanically incompatible, sometimes called eSATA/USB) connector adds power to an external SATA connection, so that an additional power supply is not needed.[50]
As of mid 2017 few new computers have dedicated external SATA (eSATA) connectors, with USB3 dominating and USB3 Type C, often with the Thunderbolt alternate mode, starting to replace the earlier USB connectors. Still sometimes present are single ports supporting both USB3 and eSATA.
Desktop computers without a built-in eSATA interface can install an eSATA host bus adapter (HBA); if the motherboard supports SATA, an externally available eSATA connector can be added. Notebook computers with the now rare Cardbus[51] or ExpressCard[52] could add an eSATA HBA. With passive adapters, the maximum cable length is reduced to 1 metre (3.3 ft) due to the absence of compliant eSATA signal-levels.
eSATAp[edit]
eSATAp stands for powered eSATA. It is also known as Power over eSATA, Power eSATA, eSATA/USB Combo, or eSATA USB Hybrid Port (EUHP). An eSATAp port combines the four pins of the USB 2.0 (or earlier) port, the seven pins of the eSATA port, and optionally two 12 V power pins.[53] Both SATA traffic and device power are integrated in a single cable, as is the case with USB but not eSATA. The 5 V power is provided through two USB pins, while the 12 V power may optionally be provided. Typically desktop, but not notebook, computers provide 12 V power, so can power devices requiring this voltage, typically 3.5-inch disk and CD/DVD drives, in addition to 5 V devices such as 2.5-inch drives.
Both USB and eSATA devices can be used with an eSATAp port, when plugged in with a USB or eSATA cable, respectively. An eSATA device cannot be powered via an eSATAp cable, but a special cable can make both SATA or eSATA and power connectors available from an eSATAp port.
An eSATAp connector can be built into a computer with internal SATA and USB, by fitting a bracket with connections for internal SATA, USB, and power connectors and an externally accessible eSATAp port. Though eSATAp connectors have been built into several devices, manufacturers do not refer to an official standard.
Pre-standard implementations[edit]
- Prior to the final eSATA 3 Gbit/s specification, a number of products were designed for external connection of SATA drives. Some of these use the internal SATA connector, or even connectors designed for other interface specifications, such as FireWire. These products are not eSATA compliant. The final eSATA specification features a specific connector designed for rough handling, similar to the regular SATA connector, but with reinforcements in both the male and female sides, inspired by the USB connector. eSATA resists inadvertent unplugging, and can withstand yanking or wiggling, which could break a male SATA connector (the hard-drive or host adapter, usually fitted inside the computer). With an eSATA connector, considerably more force is needed to damage the connector—and if it does break, it is likely to be the female side, on the cable itself,[citation needed] which is relatively easy to replace.
- Prior to the final eSATA 6 Gbit/s specification many add-on cards and some motherboards advertised eSATA 6 Gbit/s support because they had 6 Gbit/s SATA 3.0 controllers for internal-only solutions. Those implementations are non-standard, and eSATA 6 Gbit/s requirements were ratified in the July 18, 2011 SATA 3.1 specification.[54] Some products might not be fully eSATA 6 Gbit/s compliant.
Mini-SATA (mSATA)[edit]
An mSATA SSD on top of a 2.5-inch SATA drive
Mini-SATA (abbreviated as mSATA), which is distinct from the micro connector,[47] was announced by the Serial ATA International Organization on September 21, 2009.[55] Applications include netbooks, laptops and other devices that require a solid-state drive in a small footprint.
The physical dimensions of the mSATA connector are identical to those of the PCI Express Mini Card interface,[56], but the interfaces are electrically not compatible; the data signals (TX±/RX± SATA, PETn0 PETp0 PERn0 PERp0 PCI Express) need a connection to the SATA host controller instead of the PCI Express host controller.
SFF-8784 connector[edit]
Bottom | Top | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pin | Function | Pin | Function | Pin | Function | Pin | Function |
1 | Ground | 6 | Unused | 11 | Ground | 16 | +5 V |
2 | Ground | 7 | +5 V | 12 | B+ (transmit) | 17 | Ground |
3 | Ground | 8 | Unused | 13 | B− (transmit) | 18 | A− (receive) |
4 | Ground[c] | 9 | Unused | 14 | Ground | 19 | A+ (receive) |
5 | LED | 10 | Ground | 15 | +5 V | 20 | Ground |
Slim 2.5-inch SATA devices, 5 mm (0.20 inches) in height, use the twenty-pin SFF-8784edge connector to save space. By combining the data signals and power lines into a slim connector that effectively enables direct connection to the device's printed circuit board (PCB) without additional space-consuming connectors, SFF-8784 allows further internal layout compaction for portable devices such as ultrabooks.[57]
Pins 1 to 10 are on the connector's bottom side, while pins 11 to 20 are on the top side.[57]
SATA Express[edit]
Two SATA Express connectors (light gray) on a computer motherboard; to the right of them are common SATA connectors (dark gray)
SATA Express, initially standardized in the SATA 3.2 specification,[58] is an interface that supports either SATA or PCI Express storage devices. The host connector is backward compatible with the standard 3.5-inch SATA data connector, allowing up to two legacy SATA devices to connect.[59] At the same time, the host connector provides up to two PCI Express 3.0 lanes as a pure PCI Express connection to the storage device, allowing bandwidths of up to 2 GB/s.[28][60]
Instead of the otherwise usual approach of doubling the native speed of the SATA interface, PCI Express was selected for achieving data transfer speeds greater than 6 Gbit/s. It was concluded that doubling the native SATA speed would take too much time, too many changes would be required to the SATA standard, and would result in a much greater power consumption when compared to the existing PCI Express bus.[61]
In addition to supporting legacy Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI), SATA Express also makes it possible for NVM Express (NVMe) to be used as the logical device interface for connected PCI Express storage devices.[62]
M.2 (NGFF)[edit]
Size comparison of mSATA (left) and M.2 (size 2242, right) SSDs
M.2, formerly known as the Next Generation Form Factor (NGFF), is a specification for computer expansion cards and associated connectors. It replaces the mSATA standard, which uses the PCI Express Mini Card physical layout. Having a smaller and more flexible physical specification, together with more advanced features, the M.2 is more suitable for solid-state storage applications in general, especially when used in small devices such as ultrabooks or tablets.[63]
The M.2 standard is designed as a revision and improvement to the mSATA standard, so that larger printed circuit boards (PCBs) can be manufactured. While mSATA took advantage of the existing PCI Express Mini Card form factor and connector, M.2 has been designed to maximize usage of the card space, while minimizing the footprint.[63][64][65]
Supported host controller interfaces and internally provided ports are a superset to those defined by the SATA Express interface. Essentially, the M.2 standard is a small form factor implementation of the SATA Express interface, with the addition of an internal USB 3.0 port.[63]
U.2 (SFF-8639)[edit]
U.2, formerly known as SFF-8639. Like its predecessor it carries a PCI Express electrical signal, however U.2 uses a PCIe 3.0 ×4 link providing a higher bandwidth of 32 Gbit/s in each direction. In order to provide maximum backward compatibility the U.2 connector also supports SATA and multi-path SAS[66].
Protocol[edit]
The SATA specification defines three distinct protocol layers: physical, link, and transport.
Physical layer[edit]
The physical layer defines SATA's electrical and physical characteristics (such as cable dimensions and parasitics, driver voltage level and receiver operating range), as well as the physical coding subsystem (bit-level encoding, device detection on the wire, and link initialization).
Physical transmission uses differential signaling. The SATA PHY contains a transmit pair and receive pair. When the SATA-link is not in use (example: no device attached), the transmitter allows the transmit pins to float to their common-mode voltage level. When the SATA-link is either active or in the link-initialization phase, the transmitter drives the transmit pins at the specified differential voltage (1.5 V in SATA/I).
SATA physical coding uses a line encoding system known as 8b/10b encoding. This scheme serves multiple functions required to sustain a differential serial link. First, the stream contains necessary synchronization information that allows the SATA host/drive to extract clocking. The 8b/10b encoded sequence embeds periodic edge transitions to allow the receiver to achieve bit-alignment without the use of a separately transmitted reference clock waveform. The sequence also maintains a neutral (DC-balanced) bitstream, which lets transmit drivers and receiver inputs be AC-coupled. Generally, the actual SATA signalling is half-duplex, meaning that it can only read or write data at any one time.
Also, SATA uses some of the special characters defined in 8b/10b. In particular, the PHY layer uses the comma (K28.5) character to maintain symbol-alignment. A specific four-symbol sequence, the ALIGN primitive, is used for clock rate-matching between the two devices on the link. Other special symbols communicate flow control information produced and consumed in the higher layers (link and transport).
Separate point-to-point AC-coupled low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) links are used for physical transmission between host and drive.
The PHY layer is responsible for detecting the other SATA/device on a cable, and link initialization. During the link-initialization process, the PHY is responsible for locally generating special out-of-band signals by switching the transmitter between electrical-idle and specific 10b-characters in a defined pattern, negotiating a mutually supported signalling rate (1.5, 3.0, or 6.0 Gbit/s), and finally synchronizing to the far-end device's PHY-layer data stream. During this time, no data is sent from the link-layer.
Once link-initialization has completed, the link-layer takes over option, which makes SATA drives appear to the OS like PATA drives on a standard controller. This Legacy Mode eases OS installation by not requiring that a specific driver be loaded during setup, but sacrifices support for some (vendor specific) features of SATA. Legacy Mode often if not always disables some of the boards' PATA or SATA ports, since the standard PATA controller interface supports only four drives. (Often, which ports are disabled is configurable.)
The common heritage of the ATA command set has enabled the proliferation of low-cost PATA to SATA bridge chips. Bridge chips were widely used on PATA drives (before the completion of native SATA drives) as well in standalone converters. When attached to a PATA drive, a device-side converter allows the PATA drive to function as a SATA drive. Host-side converters allow a motherboard PATA port to connect to a SATA drive.
The market has produced powered enclosures for both PATA and SATA drives that interface to the PC through USB, Firewire or eSATA, with the restrictions noted above. PCI cards with a SATA connector exist that allow SATA drives to connect to legacy systems without SATA connectors.
SATA 1.5 Gbit/s and SATA 3 Gbit/s[edit]
The designers of SATA standard as an overall goal aimed for backward and forward compatibility with future revisions of the SATA standard. To prevent interoperability problems that could occur when next generation SATA drives are installed on motherboards with standard legacy SATA 1.5 Gbit/s host controllers, many manufacturers have made it easy to switch those newer drives to the previous standard's mode.Examples of such provisions include:
- Seagate/Maxtor has added a user-accessible jumper-switch, known as the 'force 150', to enable the drive switch between forced 1.5 Gbit/s and 1.5/3 Gbit/s negotiated operation.
- Western Digital uses a jumper setting called OPT1 enabled to force 1.5 Gbit/s data transfer speed (OPT1 is enabled by putting the jumper on pins 5 and 6).
- Samsung drives can be forced to 1.5 Gbit/s mode using software that may be downloaded from the manufacturer's website. Configuring some Samsung drives in this manner requires the temporary use of a SATA-2 (SATA 3.0 Gbit/s) controller while programming the drive.
The 'force 150' switch (or equivalent) is also useful for attaching SATA 3 Gbit/s hard drives to SATA controllers on PCI cards, since many of these controllers (such as the Silicon Image chips) run at 3 Gbit/s, even though the PCI bus cannot reach 1.5 Gbit/s speeds. This can cause data corruption in operating systems that do not specifically test for this condition and limit the disk transfer speed.[citation needed]
SATA 3 Gbit/s and SATA 6 Gbit/s[edit]
SATA 3 Gbit/s and SATA 6 Gbit/s are compatible with each other. Most devices that are only SATA 3 Gbit/s can connect with devices that are SATA 6 Gbit/s, and vice versa, though SATA 3 Gbit/s devices only connect with SATA 6 Gbit/s devices at the slower 3 Gbit/s speed.
SATA 1.5 Gbit/s and SATA 6 Gbit/s[edit]
SATA 1.5 Gbit/s and SATA 6 Gbit/s are compatible with each other. Most devices that are only SATA 1.5 Gbit/s can connect with devices that are SATA 6 Gbit/s, and vice versa, though SATA 1.5 Gbit/s devices only connect with SATA 6 Gbit/s devices at the slower 1.5 Gbit/s speed.
Comparison to other interfaces[edit]
SATA and SCSI[edit]
Parallel SCSI uses a more complex bus than SATA, usually resulting in higher manufacturing costs. SCSI buses also allow connection of several drives on one shared channel, whereas SATA allows one drive per channel, unless using a port multiplier. Serial Attached SCSI uses the same physical interconnects as SATA, and most SAS HBAs also support 3 and 6 Gbit/s SATA devices (an HBA requires support for Serial ATA Tunneling Protocol).
SATA 3 Gbit/s theoretically offers a maximum bandwidth of 300 MB/s per device, which is only slightly lower than the rated speed for SCSI Ultra 320 with a maximum of 320 MB/s total for all devices on a bus.[69] SCSI drives provide greater sustained throughput than multiple SATA drives connected via a simple (i.e., command-based) port multiplier because of disconnect-reconnect and aggregating performance.[70] In general, SATA devices link compatibly to SAS enclosures and adapters, whereas SCSI devices cannot be directly connected to a SATA bus.
SCSI, SAS, and fibre-channel (FC) drives are more expensive than SATA, so they are used in servers and disk arrays where the better performance justifies the additional cost. Inexpensive ATA and SATA drives evolved in the home-computer market, hence there is a view that they are less reliable. As those two worlds overlapped, the subject of reliability became somewhat controversial. Note that, in general, the failure rate of a disk drive is related to the quality of its heads, platters and supporting manufacturing processes, not to its interface.
Use of serial ATA in the business market increased from 22% in 2006 to 28% in 2008.[71]
Comparison with other buses[edit]
SCSI-3 devices with SCA-2 connectors are designed for hot swapping. Many server and RAID systems provide hardware support for transparent hot swapping. The designers of the SCSI standard prior to SCA-2 connectors did not target hot swapping, but in practice, most RAID implementations support hot swapping of hard disks.
Name | Raw data rate | Data rate | Max. cable length | Power provided | Devices per channel |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
eSATA | 6 Gbit/s | 600 MB/s |
| No | 1 (15 with a port multiplier) |
eSATAp | 6 Gbit/s | 600 MB/s | 5 V, and, optionally, 12 V[72] | ||
SATA revision 3.2 | 16 Gbit/s | 1.97 GB/s[d] | 1 m | No | |
SATA revision 3.0 | 6 Gbit/s | 600 MB/s[73] | |||
SATA revision 2.0 | 3 Gbit/s | 300 MB/s | |||
SATA revision 1.0 | 1.5 Gbit/s | 150 MB/s[74] | 1 | ||
PATA (IDE) 133 | 1.064 Gbit/s | 133.3 MB/s[e] | 0.46 m (18 in) | 5 V (only 2.5-inch drive 44-pin connector) | 2 |
SAS-3 | 12 Gbit/s | 1.2 GB/s | 10 m | Backplane connectors only | 1 (> 65k with expanders) |
SAS-2 | 6 Gbit/s | 600 MB/s | |||
SAS-1 | 3 Gbit/s | 300 MB/s | |||
IEEE 1394 (FireWire) 3200 | 3.144 Gbit/s | 393 MB/s | 100 m (more with special cables) | 15 W, 12–25 V | 63 (with a hub) |
IEEE 1394 (FireWire) 800 | 786 Mbit/s | 98.25 MB/s | 100 m[75] | ||
IEEE 1394 (FireWire) 400 | 393 Mbit/s | 49.13 MB/s | 4.5 m[75][76] | ||
USB 3.2 (Generation 2x2) | 20 Gbit/s | 2.44 GB/s[f] | 1 m (Passive cable USB-IF Standard) | 100 W, 5, 12 or 20 V[77] | 127 (with a hub)[78] |
USB 3.1 (Generation 2) | 10 Gbit/s | 1.22 GB/s[g] | 1 m (Passive cable USB-IF Standard) | 100 W, 5, 12 or 20 V[79] | 127 (with a hub)[78] |
USB 3.0[h] (USB 3.1, Generation 1) | 5 Gbit/s | 610 MB/s or more (excl. protocol overhead, flow control, and framing)[80] | 2 m (Passive cable USB-IF Standard) | 4.5 W, 5 V | |
USB 2.0 | 480 Mbit/s | 58 MB/s | 5 m[81] | 2.5 W, 5 V | |
USB 1.1 | 12 Mbit/s | 1.5 MB/s | 3 m | Yes | |
SCSI Ultra-320 | 2.56 Gbit/s | 320 MB/s | 12 m | Backplane connector only | 15 excl. host bus adapter/host |
10GFC Fibre Channel | 10.52 Gbit/s | 1.195 GB/s | 2 m – 50 km | No | 126 (16,777,216 with switches) |
4GFC Fibre Channel | 4.25 Gbit/s | 398 MB/s | 12 m | ||
InfiniBand Quad Rate | 10 Gbit/s | 0.98 GB/s | 1 with point-to-point, many with switched fabric | ||
Thunderbolt | 10 Gbit/s | 1.22 GB/s |
| 10 W (only copper) | 7 |
Thunderbolt 2 | 20 Gbit/s | 2.44 GB/s | |||
Thunderbolt 3 | 40 Gbit/s | 4.88 GB/s | 100 W (only copper) |
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^Integrated Drive Electronics
- ^Disk-based memory (hard drives), solid state disk devices such as USB drives, DVD-based storage, bit rates, bus speeds, and network speeds, are specified using decimal meanings for K (10001), M (10002), G (10003), ..
- ^Drive present
- ^16 Gbit/s raw bit rate, with 128b/130b encoding
- ^15 ns cycles, 16-bit transfers
- ^20 Gbit/s raw bit rate, with 128b/132b encoding
- ^10 Gbit/s raw bit rate, with 128b/132b encoding
- ^USB 3.0 specification was released to hardware vendors on 17 November 2008.
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External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: |
- 'SATA-1' specification, as a zipped pdf; Serial ATA: High Speed Serialized AT Attachment, Revision 1.0a, 7-January-2003.
- 'External Serial ATA – White Paper'(PDF). SATA-IO. 515 kB – on eSATA
- 'Serial ATA (SATA, Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) Connector Pinout'. allpinouts.org. Archived from the original on 2016-04-18.
- Universal ATA driver for Windows NT3.51/NT4/2000/XP/2003/Vista/7/ReactOS: With PATA/SATA/AHCI support – a universal, free and open-source ATA driver with PATA/SATA support
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serial_ATA&oldid=892842852'
Sun Fire X2270 Server Windows Operating System Installation Guide |
C H A P T E R 2 |
Install Windows Server 2003 Operating System |
This chapter provides information about installing the Windows Server 2003 Operating System (OS).
Note - If you want to create a RAID for your disk, the recommended procedure is to create a RAID before you install the OS. For more information and procedures, see Configure RAID Controller in the BIOS Setup Utility and Prepare RAID Drivers for Delivery. |
Showbox download for windows phone. This chapter includes the following topics:
Task Map for the Windows 2003 Installation
Use TABLE 2-1 to preview the installation process defined as a series of tasks. The table identifies the tasks required and provides pointers to the instructions for performing that task.
Step | Task | Description | Relevant Topic(s) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Review installation prerequisites | Verify that all applicable requirements are met for installing an operating system to a server. | |
2 | Choose an installation method | Evaluate and select an installation method that meets the needs of your infrastructure. | |
3 | Ensure that the BIOS factory defaults are set | Verify that the factory default settings in the BIOS are set prior to performing the operating system installation. | |
4 | Gather the Windows installation media | The Windows OS is shipped with the CD and DVD media and documentation that you will need to install the Windows OS. |
|
5 | Download server-specific drivers or obtain drivers from Tools and Drivers CD | Depending on your system, some device drivers are required to be installed at boot time. You can obtain these drivers from the Tools & Drivers CD or from the Sun download site. | |
6 | (Optional) Configure RAID Controller | Follow the instructions to implement RAID using the BIOS Setup utility. | |
7 | (Optional) Prepare RAID drivers for delivery | Produce the RAID drivers floppy required for the Windows 2003 installation. | |
8 | Perform the Windows OS installation | Follow the instructions in this chapter to install the Windows 2003 operating system. | |
9 | Install driver(s) and post supplemental software, post installation, if necessary | If the Windows operating system does not include the necessary device drivers to support your system, you may need to install additional device drivers. If your system includes RAID controllers, you may need to install supplemental software to support these controllers. |
Note - The complete Microsoft Windows operating system installation process is not documented in this section. This section walks you through the steps for booting the Windows Server 2003 media, installing drivers (if necessary) at boot, and partitioning the drive. For additional information, consult the Microsoft Windows Server 2003 product documentation at http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2003/proddoc/default.mspx |
Boot-Time Device Drivers
TABLE 2-2 identifies the device drivers that you may need to install at boot time while performing the Windows Server 2003 installation.
Device Driver | Description |
---|---|
Intel SATA Driver | The Intel SATA device driver must be available at boot time if installing to a local SATA hard disk drive (HDD). Note - For Windows Server 2003, the default AHCI mode, which can be configured via the System BIOS, needs a boot driver. If configured for IDE mode, no boot driver is required for Intel SATA. |
QLogic SAN Driver | The QLogic Fibre Channel (FC) device driver must be installed at installation boot time if your installation target is a QLogic FC Storage Area Network (SAN) device. |
Emulex SAN Driver | The Emulex FC device driver must be installed at installation boot time if your installation target is a Emulex FC SAN device. |
The boot-time device drivers listed in TABLE 2-2 are included on the Tools & Drivers CD that ships with the server. However, if you do not have the Tools & Drivers CD, you can download these same drivers from the Sun download site. For instructions on downloading the server-specific drivers package, which includes the boot-time device drivers, see Installing Server-Specific Device Drivers.
Prepare RAID Drivers for Delivery
The Sun-supplied hard disk drives for the X2270 are shipped without a RAID configuration. If a RAID configuration is required, you will need to (1) configure the RAID Controller in the BIOS Setup utility, (2) create a RAID driver floppy diskette, then (3) load the RAID driver into the system memory during the Windows Server 2003 installation.
RAID Requirements
- Follow the procedure Configure RAID Controller in the BIOS Setup Utility to configure the RAID Controller for Windows Server 2003 installations.
- After completing the RAID Controller configuration in the BIOS Setup utility, you will need to prepare the RAID driver for installation. Depending on your chosen method, see either Create Floppy Disk for RAID Driver Installation or Create Floppy Image for RAID Driver Installation.
- After preparing the RAID driver for installation, you will need to load the RAID driver into memory (using F6) during the Windows Server 2003 installation. Information describing when the RAID driver is loaded is provided later in Install Windows Server 2003 Using Local or Remote Media.
If you are performing a Windows Server 2003 RIS image installation, you will need to add the RAID driver to the RIS image. For more information, see Add Drivers to a RIS Image.
Create Floppy Disk for RAID Driver Installation |
This section provides steps for creating a floppy diskette that contains the RAID driver required during the Windows Server 2003 installation. To prepare the RAID/AHCI driver for installation, you will need to copy the RAID/AHCI driver from the Sun Fire X2270 Tools & Drivers CD to a floppy diskette.
Before You Begin
Prior to performing the following procedure to create a floppy disk, ensure that the following requirements have been met:
- The system being used to create the floppy disk is connected to a USB floppy drive
- Floppy disk media is available
- Sun Fire X2270 Tools & Drivers CD, which contains the 32-bit/64-bit AHCI floppy drivers
To create the floppy diskette, perform the following steps:
1. On a Windows system, do the following:
a. Insert the Sun Fire X2270 Server Tools & Drivers CD into a CD/DVD-ROM drive.
b. Insert a formatted floppy diskette into an attached floppy diskette drive.
2. Depending on your version of Windows, browse to one of the following directories in the Sun Fire X2270 Server Tools & Drivers CD:
or
3. Depending on your version of Windows, copy either the 32-bit or 64-bit files to the root directory of the floppy diskette.
4. Proceed to Install Windows Server 2003 Using Local or Remote Media.
Create Floppy Image for RAID Driver Installation |
This section provides steps for creating floppy image media that contains the RAID driver required during the Windows Server 2003 installation. To prepare the RAID/AHCI driver for installation, you will need to copy the RAID/AHCI image file from the Sun Fire X2270 Tools & Drivers CD to an image file located on a local network shared directory location.
Before You Begin
Prior to performing the following procedure to prepare the floppy image for device driver installation, ensure that the following requirements have been met:
- Sun Fire X2270 Tools & Drivers CD, which contains the 32-bit/64-bit AHCI floppy driver image.
To create the floppy image, perform the following steps:
1. On a Windows system, insert the Sun Fire X2270 Tools & Drivers CD into a CD/DVD-ROM drive.
2. Depending on your version of Windows, browse to one of the following directories in the Sun Fire X2270 Server Tools & Drivers CD:
or
3. Depending on your version of Windows, copy the either the 32-bit or 64-bit image file to a local or network shared location where the Sun ILOM Remote Console system can access it during the Windows installation.
For instructions for enabling image file media redirection in the Sun ILOM Remote Console, see the Sun Integrated Lights Out Manager 2.0 User’s Guide.
4. Proceed to Install Windows Server 2003 Using Local or Remote Media.
Install Windows Server 2003 Using Local or Remote Media
The following procedure describes how to boot the Windows Server 2003 operating system from local or remote media. It assumes you are booting the Windows installation media from one of the following sources:
- Windows CD or DVD (internal or external CD/DVD)
- Windows 2003 ISO image (network repository)
Note - If you are booting the installation media from a PXE environment, refer to Install Windows Server 2003 Using PXE Network Environment for instructions. |
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Before You Begin
Prior to performing the installation, the following requirements must be met:
- All applicable installation prerequisites for installing an operating system should have been met. For further information about these prerequisites, see TABLE 1-2Installation Prerequisites.
- An installation method (for example: console, boot media, and installation target) should have been chosen and established prior to performing the installation. For more information about these setup requirements, see Installation Methods.
After completing this procedure, you will need to perform the post installation tasks as described in Post Installation.
Install Windows Server 2003 Using Local or Remote Media |
1. Ensure that the installation media is available to boot.
For example:
- For distribution CD/DVD Insert the Windows Server 2003 Distribution media (CD labeled #1 or the single DVD) into the local or remote USB CD/DVD-ROM drive.
- For ISO image Ensure that the ISO images are available and that the ILOM Remote Console application is aware of the first ISO image location.
For additional information about how to set up the install media, see TABLE 1-4Installation Boot Media.
- USB floppy Ensure that a USB floppy drive is attached to the local server with the diskette created in Prepare RAID Drivers for Delivery, or a floppy diskette or image is redirected using ILOM. For information, see the Sun Integrated Lights Out Manager 2.0 User’s Guide (820-1188).
2. Reset the power on the server.
For example:
- From the ILOM web interface, select Remote Control --> Remote Power Control, then select the Power Cycle option from the Host action drop-down list box.
- From the local server, press the Power button on the front panel of the server to turn the server off, then press the Power button again to turn the server on.
- From the ILOM CLI on server SP, type: reset /SYS
The BIOS screen appears.
3. When the Press F8 for BBS POPUP prompt appears on the BIOS POST screen, press F8.
The BBS POPUP menu allows you to select a boot device.
4. Once the BIOS POST process is complete, the Boot Device menu appears.
Note - The screen that appears in your installation may be different depending on the type of disk controller installed in your server. |
5. In the Boot Device menu, select a boot device based on the Windows media installation method you elected to use and press Enter.
For example:
- If you elected to use the Windows local delivery method, select CD/DVDW.
- If you elected to use the ILOM Remote Console method, select Virtual CDROM.
- If you elected to use the Virtual Floppy method, select Virtual Floppy.
6. When prompted with Press any key to boot from CD, quickly press any key.
The Windows Setup process begins.
7. When you see the following prompt at the bottom of the Windows Setup dialog, quickly press F6:
Press F6 if you need to install a third party SCSI or RAID driver.
Note - The above prompt lasts for approximately five seconds and is easy to miss. If you do not press F6 while the prompt is displayed, the dialog allowing you to specify additional drivers is not displayed and the installation will fail. If this happens, restart the server on which you are performing the installation and go back to Step 3. |
After pressing F6, the setup process continues and the following dialog appears. This dialog gives you the option of specifying additional mass storage devices.
8. Make sure that the mass storage drivers are accessible according to the mass storage driver installation method that you have selected.
- For Floppy Disk Local Mass storage drivers floppy disk is in floppy drive A on the server.
- For Floppy Disk Remote Mass storage driversfloppy disk is in the Sun ILOM Remote Console system floppy drive
- For Floppy Image floppy.img is accessible from the Sun ILOM Remote Console system
9. Press S to specify additional devices.
A Select Adapter dialog appears listing the available drivers.
10. In the Select Adapter dialog, select the appropriate mass storage controller driver version (Windows 32-bit or 64-bit) that you are installing, then press Enter.
For example, for the X2270 which contains an Intel-based integrated disk controller, select:
Intel(R) ICH10R SATA AHCI Controller (32-bit or 64-bit)
A dialog similar to the following appears stating that the setup will load support for the specified mass storage device.
11. Press Enter to continue.
The Windows setup process continues and a Setup Notification dialog appears.
12. At the Setup Notification dialog, press Enter to continue.
The Welcome to Setup dialog appears.
13. At the Welcome to Setup dialog, press Enter to continue.
The Windows Licensing Agreement dialog appears.
14. To accept the license agreement, press F8.
A dialog appears that shows the existing partitions on the server and the unpartitioned space.
Note - Any previous installations on the server’s boot disk will cause the partitioning dialog to appear. |
15. To delete the existing partition, press D.
A confirmation dialog appears to verify that you really want to delete the partition.
16. Press Enter to continue.
A confirmation dialog with a caution notice appears and describes the partition that you are about to delete.
17. Press L to delete the partition.
The partition is deleted and the a dialog appears that shows the unpartitioned space on the server’s disk.
18. To create a partition in the unpartitioned space, press C.
A dialog appears that allows you to specify the size of the new partition.
19. Either accept the default size of the partition to be created or use the Back Space key to delete the size specified and enter a new size and press Enter.
A recommended size of 40,000 megabytes is usually sufficient for a Windows installation. This will leave adequate space on the disk for installations of other media.
A partition confirmation windows appears.
20. Press Enter to accept the partition.
A partition formatting dialog appears.
21. Use the up and down arrow keys to select the <Quick> menu option and press Enter to format the partition.
The setup process formats the partition and copies the files to the Windows installation folders. This process might take several minutes
22. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the initial setup of Windows Server 2003 until you are prompted with the following message:
Remove disks or other media. Press any key to restart.
When this message appears you will need to complete one of the following steps, depending on which driver delivery method you have chosen, to complete the installation:
- Floppy Disk Local Remove the floppy disk from the floppy drive on the server.
- Floppy Disk Remote Remove the floppy disk from the Sun ILOM Remote Console system.
- Floppy Image Deselect Floppy Image from the Sun ILOM Remote Console Devices menu.
Sata Iii Controller Driver For Server 2003 Key
Then, press any key to restart the system and complete the Windows Server 2003 Installation.
23. Proceed to Post Installation.
Install Windows Server 2003 Using PXE Network Environment
This section explains the initial information you will need to install the Windows Server 2003 operating system software over an established PXE-based network via a customer-provided Windows 2003 Remote Installation Services (RIS) image.
Note - As an alternative, you can install the Windows 2003 operating system over an established PXE-based network via a customer-provided Windows Deployment Services (WDS) image. |
After completing this procedure, you will need to perform the post installation tasks as described in Post Installation.
Before You Begin
The following requirements must be met prior to performing the Windows Server 2003 installation from a RIS image.
- To use PXE to boot the installation media over the network, you must:
- Configure the network (NFS, FTP, HTTP) server to export the installation tree.
- Configure the files on the TFTP server that are necessary for PXE booting.
- Configure the Sun server MAC network port address to boot from the PXE configuration.
- Configure Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
- To use a RIS image to perform the installation, you must:
- Create the RIS installation image.
Follow the RIS installation instructions in the Windows Server 2003 documentation.
- Add the required system device drivers to the RIS installation image.
For instructions, see Appendix AIncorporate Sun Fire Drivers Into a WIM or RIS Image.
- Obtain a RIS Administrator password.
Install Windows Server 2003 Using PXE |
1. Ensure that the PXE network environment is properly set up and the Windows Server 2003 installation media is available for PXE boot.
Note - Information concerning how to properly set up and deploy a RIS network environment is outside the scope of this installation guide. For these details, see Microsoft’s documentation for deploying and using Remote Installation Services. |
2. Reset or power on the server.
For example:
- From the ILOM web interface, select Remote Control --> Remote Power Control, then select the Power Cycle option from the Host action drop-down list box.
- From the local server, press the Power button on the front panel of the server to turn the server off, then press the Power button again to turn the server on.
- From the ILOM CLI on server SP, type: reset /SYS
The BIOS Screen appears.
Note - The next events occur very quickly, so focused attention is needed for the following steps. Watch carefully for these messages as they appear on the screen for a brief time. You might want to enlarge the size of your screen to eliminate scroll bars. |
3. Press F8 to specify a temporary boot device.
The Please Select Boot Device menu appears.
4. In the Please Select Boot Device menu, select the appropriate PXE installation boot device and press Enter.
The PXE installation boot device is the physical network port configured to communicate with your network installation server.
Note - The boot device options shown on the following Select Boot Device dialog may be different from the options listed on your screen. |
The Boot Agent dialog appears.
5. In the Boot Agent dialog, press F12 for a network service boot.
The Welcome to Client Installation wizard appears.
6. In the Welcome to Client Installation wizard, press Enter to continue.
The next dialog prompts you for a user name, password, and domain name.
7. In the user name and password dialog, type your user name and password, then press Enter.
Use the Tab key to move between fields. The Windows Server 2003 version dialog appears.
8. In the Windows Server 2003 version dialog, select the version (32-bit or 64-bit) you are installing, then press Enter.
The Windows Server 2003 operating system choice dialog appears.
9. In the OS choice dialog, select the OS option you are installing, then press Enter.
Note - The OS choice dialog identifies the names of the OS images that are available for you to install from your RIS server. The OS choice dialog from your RIS server will list different options from the ones shown in the example dialog below. |
A Caution dialog appears.
10. In the Caution dialog, press Enter to continue.
The Installation Information dialog appears.
11. In the Installation Information dialog, press Enter to continue.
The Administrator Password dialog appears.
12. In the Administrator Password dialog, specify an OS Administrator password and press Enter.
Note that this password is assigned to the OS installation target.
You will be asked to confirm the password.
13. In the Administrator Password Confirmation dialog, retype the password and press Enter.
The Windows Setup starts and a message appears that the setup is formatting the partition.
14. Proceed to Post Installation.
Sun Fire X2270 Server Windows Operating System Installation Guide | 820-7143-11 |
Copyright © 2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.